Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Options
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2021
Effects shown in research
Positive parenting practices
Findings rated high
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent sensitivity- Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 months post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
213 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 36.46 | Unadjusted mean = 36.04 | Mean difference = 0.42 | Study reported = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.53 |
|
Parent sensitivity- Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
222 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 35.65 | Unadjusted mean = 35.07 | Mean difference = 0.58 | Study reported = 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.39 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dyadic synchronicity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
225 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 6.45 | Unadjusted mean = 5.98 | Mean difference = 0.47 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.12 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Dyadic synchronicity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mother/child dyads | Adjusted mean = 6.45 | Adjusted mean = 5.98 | Difference = 0.43 | Study reported = 0.19 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.15 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
Dyadic synchronicity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
239 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 5.43 | Unadjusted mean = 5.31 | Mean difference = 0.12 | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.68 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Dyadic synchronicity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mother/child dyads | Adjusted mean = 5.43 | Adjusted mean = 5.31 | Difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.98 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
Maternal confidence |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.40 | Adjusted mean = 4.36 | Difference = 0.02 | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.52 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
Maternal confidence |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
243 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.40 | Unadjusted mean = 4.36 | Mean difference = 0.04 | Study reported = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.38 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Maternal confidence |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Adjusted mean = 4.44 | Adjusted mean = 4.36 | Difference = 0.05 | Study reported = 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.10 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
Maternal confidence |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
244 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.44 | Unadjusted mean = 4.36 | Mean difference = 0.08 | Study reported = 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Parenting sensitivity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Adjusted mean = 36.73 | Adjusted mean = 35.32 | Difference = 1.28 | Study reported = 0.26 | Statistically significant, p= 0.03 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
Parenting sensitivity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
225 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 36.73 | Unadjusted mean = 35.32 | Mean difference = 1.41 | Study reported = 0.32 | Statistically significant, p = 0.02 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Parenting sensitivity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Adjusted mean = 33.86 | Adjusted mean = 32.38 | Difference = 1.24 | Study reported = 0.25 | Statistically significant, p= 0.05 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
Parenting sensitivity |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
238 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 33.86 | Unadjusted mean = 32.38 | Mean difference = 1.48 | Study reported = 0.30 | Statistically significant, p = 0.02 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Understanding of toddlers |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Adjusted mean = 51.84 | Adjusted mean = 48.67 | Difference = 2.32 | Study reported = 0.45 | Statistically significant, p <0.001 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
Understanding of toddlers |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
243 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 51.84 | Unadjusted mean = 48.67 | Mean difference = 3.17 | Study reported = 0.64 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Understanding of toddlers |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
244 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 52.07 | Unadjusted mean = 50.17 | Mean difference = 1.90 | Study reported = 0.38 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Unadjusted mean. |
Understanding of toddlers |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Adjusted mean = 52.07 | Adjusted mean = 50.17 | Difference = 1.06 | Study reported = 0.21 | Statistically significant, p= 0.03 |
Adjusted to control for preferred language and baseline measure. |
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent sensitivity- Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 months post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
215 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 27.77 | Unadjusted mean = 27.39 | Mean difference = 0.38 | HomVEE = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.55 |
|
Parent sensitivity- Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
225 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 27.34 | Unadjusted mean = 26.70 | Mean difference = 0.64 | HomVEE = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.32 |
|
Parent understanding of toddler - Raising a Baby Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
211 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 52.40 | Unadjusted mean = 50.81 | Mean difference = 1.59 | HomVEE = 0.31 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Parent understanding of toddler - Raising a Baby Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
225 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 52.09 | Unadjusted mean = 50.04 | Mean difference = 2.05 | Study reported = 0.42 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent sensitivity- Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post- intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
247 mother/child dyads | Adjusted mean = 36.21 | Adjusted mean = 35.07 | Difference = 1.14 | Study reported = 0.23 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
The finding is adjusted for child age, months between baseline and postintervention assessment, and baseline measures of parenting sensitivity and secure base behavior. |
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commitment: This Is My Baby (TIMB) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
169 caregivers | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= >0.10 |
Finding estimated with hierarchical linear model (HLM). |
Commitment: This Is My Baby (TIMB) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
169 caregivers | Adjusted mean = 4.10 | Adjusted mean = 4.21 | Mean difference = -0.11 | Study reported = -0.17 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.35 |
|
Engagement: Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction (IPCI, 9 item subscale) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
173 children | Adjusted mean = 2.08 | Adjusted mean = 2.15 | Mean difference = -0.07 | Study reported = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.39 |
|
Engagement: Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction (IPCI, 9 item subscale) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
173 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= >0.10 |
Finding estimated with hierarchical linear model (HLM). |
Sensitivity: Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS, without 6 items on child distress) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
167 caregivers | Adjusted mean = 13.26 | Adjusted mean = 11.76 | Mean difference = 1.50 | Study reported = 0.41 | Statistically significant, p= 0.02 |
|
Support: Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction (IPCI, 15 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
173 caregivers | Adjusted mean = 2.18 | Adjusted mean = 2.14 | Mean difference = 0.04 | Study reported = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.49 |
|
Support: Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction (IPCI, 15 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
173 caregivers | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= >0.10 |
Finding estimated with hierarchical linear model (HLM). |
Understanding of toddlers: Raising a Baby (RAB, 16 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention | PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
175 caregivers | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p= <0.01 |
Finding estimated with hierarchical linear model (HLM). |
Understanding of toddlers: Raising a Baby (RAB, 16 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
175 caregivers | Adjusted mean = 52.16 | Adjusted mean = 50.92 | Mean difference = 1.24 | Study reported = 0.36 | Statistically significant, p= 0.04 |